Do professors know your name? - If you take the time to meet them, then they will. This is really important and most people don't bother. GET TO KNOW YOUR PROFESSORS! They are some of the smartest people in the US, if not the world, and if they think you are smart or hard working you can get letters of recommendation or the chance to do research with them. There's a reason you pay top dollar to go to CMU and this is the big one.
Tell us about your favorite class. Least favorite? - Don't really have a favorite class. I guess I learned a lot in my intro to computer systems class, 15-213 (which is not really an "intro" course, you learn how to hack - buffer overflows, writing C's memory allocator, malloc, and writing a unix shell and proxy are some of the labs). Least favorite class is 15-251, Great Theoretical Ideas of Computer Science, it was a ton of work and I didn't even get a good grade in it.
How often do students study? - Depends on the student.
Is class participation common? - Depends on the professor. Some like discussion and others just lecture.
Do CMU students have intellectual conversations outside of class? - Oh yes, trust me they do.
Are students competitive? - Some are, but it will not be a problem to ask any student for help. Anyone I've ever asked for help has given it to me, and I hear at other schools this is not the case. The competition comes from the fact that pretty much everyone is smart.
What's the most unique class you've taken? - Nothing that extraordinary.
Tell us about your major / department. - Electrical and Computer Engineering (1 department) and Computer Science (another department) are both challenging majors and some of the best programs in the country. Thus, like I said earlier there are a lot of really smart students here, and you'll have to compete with them to get the A (It's possible though, while I'm smart I'm not genius smart and I've pulled off an A in my last 3 engineering classes. A lot of times professors award A's to the top 10-20{4a082faed443b016e84c6ea63012b481c58f64867aa2dc62fff66e22ad7dff6c} of the class.)
Do you spend time with professors outside of class? - I don't, I'm sure others do.
How do you feel about CMU 's academic requirements? - You have to be smart. If you were in the top 5{4a082faed443b016e84c6ea63012b481c58f64867aa2dc62fff66e22ad7dff6c} of your high school would most likely be good. I mean this depends on how smart everyone is in your class, so take it with a grain of salt.
Is the education at CMU geared toward getting a job, or learning for its own sake? - It's geared to make you learn to critically think, so I guess both. If you can critically think then work at a job is trivial.